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Understanding The Causes of Dark Gums

Published on December 18, 2024

Article reviewed by:
Dr Daylene Leong • Periodontist

Dark gums, also known as gum hyperpigmentation refers to the darkening or discolouration of the gum tissues. While this condition may cause worry, it is often a normal variation and not necessarily a sign of a health issue. Understanding the causes and available treatment options can help you make informed decisions about your oral health.

Table of Contents

  1. What causes gums to become dark?
  2. Dark gums in children
  3. What are the treatments for dark gums?

What causes gums to become dark?

Dark coloured gums
Dark coloured gums (Photo credit: National Library of Medicine)
  1. Genetics
    Dark gums can be a natural result of melanin production in the tissue, similar to how skin tone varies among individuals. People with darker skin tones are more likely to have naturally pigmented gums, due to an individual having more melanin in the body.
  2. Smoking
    Tobacco use can lead to ‘smoker’s melanosis’, where gum tissues darken due to increased melanin production as a response to chemical exposure from tobacco smoke.
  3. Medications
    Certain medications, such as minocycline, can cause pigmentation changes in certain individuals’ gums and other oral tissues.
  4. Amalgam Tattoos
    Tiny particles from dental amalgam fillings can embed in the gum tissue, causing dark spots known as amalgam tattoos. During amalgam filling removal, the dental handpiece might propel tiny amalgam particles that could get trapped in the soft tissues of your mouth. Amalgam tattoos are not harmful to your health.

Related:
Help for Gummy Smiles

Dark gums in children

Notice that your child has dark gums? It is usually just a variation in gum pigmentation, often tied to genetics — especially in children with darker skin tones. This happens because of melanin, the same pigment that gives skin and hair their color.

Sometimes, darker gums can be a sign of other issues such as poor oral hygiene, side effects from medication, or conditions like vitamin deficiencies or oral infections. While natural pigmentation isn’t anything to worry about, if you notice sudden changes or unusual discolouration, it’s a good idea to check in with a dental specialist or periodontist. Better safe than sorry when it comes to their smile!

What are the treatments for dark gums?

If gum discolouration is purely cosmetic, there are treatments available to lighten or remove the pigmentation:

  • Gum depigmentation (Gingival depigmentation): this cosmetic procedure involves removing the outer layer of pigmented gum tissue to reveal the lighter tissue underneath. Techniques include laser therapy or chemical treatments.
  • Cryosurgery: this technique uses extreme cold to destroy pigmented cells, promoting the growth of lighter gum tissue.
  • Avoiding triggers: if smoking or medications are contributing factors, quit smoking or consult a healthcare professional about alternative medicines that may help prevent further discolouration.

Related:
A Comprehensive Guide to Gum Treatment in Singapore

While it is often harmless, you should consult a dentist or dental specialist if:

  • the discolouration is sudden or spreading.
  • it is accompanied by pain, swelling, or other symptoms.
  • you are unsure about the cause or wish to explore cosmetic treatment options.

In conclusion, dark gums are typically normal and influenced by genetics, lifestyle, or external factors. If it affects your confidence or you suspect an underlying condition, speak to a dental specialist or periodontist for clarity and guidance toward the best course of action.

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Dr Ansgar Cheng joined DJ Daniel Martin on CNA 93. Dr Ansgar Cheng joined DJ Daniel Martin on CNA 93.8’s Health Matters to answer insightful questions on the latest in denture technology yesterday! 

In case you missed it, catch the repeat broadcast on Sunday, 8 Jun at 9:15pm — tune in and stay informed!🎙️🦷

🔗 Click the link in bio to tune in.

#specialistdentalgroup #sdg #expertisematters #dentalspecialist #specialistcare #dentalsg #CNA938  #oralhealth #dentaltips #dentures #denturetech
Selamat Hari Raya Haji to our Muslim friends and l Selamat Hari Raya Haji to our Muslim friends and loved ones — may your celebrations be filled with peace and joy! 🕌

Our clinics will be closed on Saturday, 7 June 2025 for Hari Raya Haji Public Holiday and will reopen on Monday, 9 June 2025.

For dental emergency, please contact us directly at the emergency contact number on your dentist’s card or the Mount Elizabeth A&E department at (65) 6731-2218 or Gleneagles A&E department at (65) 6470-5700. For assistance, please send an email to info@specialistdentalgroup.com. Thank you.

#harirayahaji #specialistdentalgroup #expertisematters #dentalspecialist #specialistcare #singapore #mountelizabethhospital
Get ready for an insightful chat on CNA 93.8! 📻 Get ready for an insightful chat on CNA 93.8! 📻✨ Tomorrow at 7.10PM, Dr. Ansgar Cheng, Dental Specialist in Prosthodontics, joins DJ Daniel Martin to discuss the latest in denture technology — from cutting-edge 3D-printed dentures in Singapore to must-know dental care tips. Tune in and learn how to keep your smile shining bright. 😁

🔗 Click the link in bio to tune in. 

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Palms sweaty at the thought of the dentist? You’ Palms sweaty at the thought of the dentist? You’re not alone — but skipping visits can lead to bigger issues. With the right support, you can feel calm and in control. 💪🦷

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Give your child’s smile a strong start! 😄 Ort Give your child’s smile a strong start! 😄 Orthodontic checks from age 7 can help guide healthy dental development and avoid bigger issues later on. Schedule an evaluation with our orthodontist for your child today.

#specialistdentalgroup #sdg #expertisematters #dentalspecialist #specialistcare #orthodontics #braces #orthodontist #dentaltips
Brushing daily but still noticing yellow teeth? It Brushing daily but still noticing yellow teeth? It’s not always about frequency—it could be your diet, brushing technique, or the condition of your enamel. 🪥🦷

In this video, Dr Steven Soo explains the real reasons behind tooth discoloration—and what you can do to restore a brighter, healthier smile.

Follow us for more trusted dental tips, insights, and exclusive content!
A confident smile starts early! 😁 Spotting orth A confident smile starts early! 😁 Spotting orthodontic issues in childhood can help prevent bigger problems later. Know the signs — and when to book that first orthodontic evaluation for your child.

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Happy Vesak Day! Our clinics will be closed on Mon Happy Vesak Day! Our clinics will be closed on Monday, 12 May 2025 for Vesak Day Public Holiday and will reopen on Tuesday, 13 May 2025.

For dental emergency, please contact us directly at the emergency contact number on your dentist’s card or the Mount Elizabeth A&E department at (65) 6731-2218 or Gleneagles A&E department at (65) 6470-5700. For assistance, please send an email to info@specialistdentalgroup.com. Thank you.

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